Based on an extensive survey, conducted for the first time, attention is drawn to the rapid demise of springs as a result of modern irrigation schemes which continue to deplete groundwater supplies. Groundwater in the oases is largely derived from bores discharging from the Nubian Sandstone Aquifer. The region is hyper-arid, receiving 10 mm or less average annual precipitation and evaporation rates are in the vicinity of 3,000 mm/a. The study area includes oases Kharga, Dakhla, Bahriya, Farafra and Siwa, and several outer and small oases around Siwa and the edge of the Qattara Depression. The history and fate are recorded of the artesian springs of Egypt's Western Desert, from ancient times to the present, spanning the rise and fall of the great civilisations from the Pharoanic dynasties to Persian, Greek and Roman conquests. The history and fate of the Nubian Sandstone Aquifer springs in the oasis depressions of the Western Desert, EgyptĮxtraction of groundwater for agriculture has resulted in the loss of springs across arid regions of the globe. Faults, fractures, and folds are included, as well as drainage lines which help to visualize the environmental impact of the Qattara project for electric power generation and to assess the regional questions involved in its implementation. For the first time the regional geological units are given. The author has identified the following significant results. Geologic interpretation of LANDSAT satellite images for the Qattara Depression area, EgyptĮlshazly, E.
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This work contributes to the reconstruction of paleodrainage of this region and helps in understanding processes involved in the formation of the Qattara Depression. Density contrasts within the sedimentary units, physical boundaries of uplifted basement blocks and depths to causative sources were also identified. Potential field analyses identify possible aquifers that are controlled by regional structures. GPR interpretations are verified by field observations, trenching, and stratigraphic information from outcrop data. Ground penetrating radar (GPR) data along 2D profiles were acquired the migrated GPR sections identified a major paleochannel with numerous minor channels at its margins.
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We present here the results of our recent work in this area using ALOS PALSAR radar remote sensing data, which indicated the presence of buried channels that may have fed the larger Moghra paleolake. Moghra Lake at the northeastern tip of the Qattara basin may be a remnant of a larger paleolake, including the mouth of a paleo-river. The origin of these fluvial systems, as well as the origin of the depressions themselves, is still unresolved, and many ideas have been suggested. Geological and geophysical investigations in the Qattara Depression indicate the presence of buried fluvial channels with southeast to northwest flow directions from the highland areas. Oases with freshwater exist in these depressions. Seven depressions within the desert - Siwa, Qattara, Fayum, Bahariya, Farafra, Dakhla, and Kharga - may represent parts of old drainage systems with deflation, extensive erosion, and possibly, some tectonic activity. The Western Desert covers two-thirds of the land area of Egypt and occupies one of the driest regions of the Sahara. Remote sensing and geophysical investigations of Moghra Lake in the Qattara Depression, Western Desert, Egypt